Who Is Jesus?
John 1:43-51

INTRO: Good morning church. It is easy to miss, but the Apostle John has given a number of different titles to Jesus. Recall that the gospel began with the description that Jesus is the Word (1:1). Jesus is called the true light (1:9) and the Only Son (1:14). He is called God in verse 1 and verse 18. John the Baptizer has proclaimed Jesus to be “the Lamb of God” (1:29, 36). The two disciples who begin to follow Jesus call him “Rabbi,” which means “Teacher.” In verse 41 we see Jesus called the Messiah, which we understand as the Christ, a title given in verse 17 also. These titles are descriptors of course, and each gives us insight to who Jesus is. The New Testament presents many descriptors. In House to House Heart to Heart Volume 30 Number 3 you can find a list of these on the inside back page.

One would probably suppose that this would be enough titles. Yet, in verses 43-51 we read three more titles given to Jesus. Nathanael ascribes two of these titles to Jesus, after being amazed that Jesus knew his spiritual condition (“an Israelite without deceit”) and knew his physical location (“Before Philip called you, I saw you under the fig tree”). That's why the lesson today is titled, Who is Jesus?

The two titles Nathanael proclaims are found in verse 49, “You are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel!”

I. Son of God, King of Israel – Let’s read John 1:43-51 – “43 The next day Jesus decided to go to Galilee. He found Philip and said to him, “Follow me.” 44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. 45 Philip found Nathanael and said to him, “We have found him of whom Moses in the Law and also the prophets wrote, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.” 46 Nathanael said to him, “Can anything good come out of Nazareth?” Philip said to him, “Come and see.” 47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward him and said of him, “Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no deceit!” 48 Nathanael said to him, “How do you know me?” Jesus answered him, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.” 49 Nathanael answered him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel!” 50 Jesus answered him, “Because I said to you, ‘I saw you under the fig tree,’ do you believe? You will see greater things than these.” 51 And he said to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.””

A. Recall that John gave his purpose for writing this gospel, “That you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God” (John 20:31). John the Baptizer declared that the baptism of Jesus proved that Jesus was the Son of God (John 1:34). The term, “Son of God” is easily and frequently misunderstood. D.A. Carson in his commentary on John makes this observation – (and I paraphrase);

1. “The expression ‘the son of X’ can have an extraordinarily wide range of meanings, owing in part to the influence of Hebrew on the Greek of the New Testament. Hebrew does not have as many adjectives as some languages, and compensates for this lack, by a variety of idiomatic structures including this one. Thus ‘a wicked man’ might be called ‘a son of wickedness’ (Psalm 89:22). Those deserving execution are ‘a son of death’ (1^st Samuel 20:31). Small wonder, then, that Judas Iscariot can be called (literally) a ‘son of perdition’ (John 17:12). In the Sermon on the Mount, peacemakers are called ‘sons of God’ (Matthew 5:9), because their peacemaking attests that… in this respect at least… they are imitating God.”
2. I found that to be a very useful explanation of why we have this “son of …” language commonly found in the Old Testament, also in the New Testament. When we read ‘son of wickedness’ it's not talking about you were born of a wicked person and therefore you're a child of wickedness. It's an adjective, saying, you are a wicked person, therefore a son of wickedness.
3. In the same way when you see Jesus being described as son of God, we are not talking about some kind of physical descendancy, but an adjective to say He is God. He possesses the very qualities and characteristics of God.

B. Turn with me now to Psalm 2. We will start reading at verse 1. “1. Why do the nations rage, And the people plot a vain thing? 2. The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the Lord and against His Anointed, …” Stop right there a minute. Look at what is being said. There are the nations, the people, the kings and the rulers. They have set themselves against two entities, the Lord and His anointed. The psalmist asks, “Why is the world against the authority of the Lord and His anointed?”

1. Psalm 2:3 – “Let us burst their bonds apart and cast away their cords from us.” It sounds like they're trying to break free from submission to God. V. 4f – “4 He who sits in the heavens laughs; the Lord holds them in derision. 5 Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, 6 “As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.” God Himself upon the occasion of Jesus' baptism made it clear enough who this Son is, in the thundering message from heaven, Matthew 3:17. "on Zion my holy hill." Is a reference to Jerusalem, referred to here as holy, meaning not that Jerusalem's citizens were holy, but that God had recorded His name there and that, in time, the Anointed would appear on her streets.
2. Verse 7, "I will tell of the decree: The Lord said to me, “You are my Son; today I have begotten you.”" The Messianic King now speaks, quoting the promise given to David in 2^nd Samuel 7. This sonship and kingship imagery is tied directly together. This carries the implication of authority, rule and a kingdom.
3. We see how the psalmist brings these two images together. He says the Lord has established His anointed as king. The anointed then turns around and speaks and says, Here's the decree that the Lord gave to me.

C. Continuing in Psalm 2:8, “Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession.”

1. Let’s turn 2^nd Samuel 7:12f and read God’s promise to David – “12 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son.” “I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son.” Not even an angel of heaven deserved such a line as this. The inspired author of Hebrews makes this absolutely indisputable. "To what angel did God ever say, "I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son."? (Hebrews 1:5-7).
2. These are just two texts that hold together being king and being son. I think this helps us understand what Nathanael is saying in his declaration, "Rabbi, You are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel!'' Nathanael recognizes Jesus as the king of Israel, the one that they have been looking for, the Son of God.

D. It is astounding how some scholars teach that Jesus never took any claim of divinity or kingliness or godliness upon himself. I would suggest they don't read very well. Listen to some of the things where Jesus intentionally indicates who He is.

1. In John 5:16-17 – “16 And this was why the Jews were persecuting Jesus, because he was doing these things on the Sabbath. 17 But Jesus answered them, “My Father is working until now, and I am working.”” Like father, like son.
2. Jesus here affirmed the unique relationship between Himself and God. He taught the disciples to pray "Our Father," but many times used "My Father" in His own reference to God. Here Jesus' argument is that the interpretation the priests insisted upon would make God himself a Sabbath-breaker! Does God not heal on the Sabbath? Is not the maintenance of the universe a work of God going on every second of time, Sabbath days included? These are the implications of Jesus' words, "My Father is working until now."
3. Note that by the use of the first person possessive, "My Father," and by His statement that He also works (on the Sabbath day) He claimed equality with God. “and I am working”… By this, Jesus affirmed that He was doing exactly what God was doing. The Father had never ceased to work in the support and maintenance of all things, and therefore the Lord was in full character with the Father when He healed a man on the Sabbath day. Furthermore, no Sabbath regulation of any divine sanction had ever forbidden such an act.

E. This is why the Jews were seeking to kill him. Not only was He breaking the Sabbath, as they saw it… but He was even calling God His own father. Making Himself equal with God. To be son of God is to be God. To call God your father as He was doing was to set up that equation like father, like son. He's working. I'm working.

1. Consider the Jewish leaders would not have killed Jesus if he was only a prophet. If the only label that He accepted upon Himself was, I'm just a prophet sent from God. That's no problem to the Jewish people at all. The nation would have readily accepted that. It is because He continually accepted this language and continually pressed it even further indicating, that's who I am.
2. Recall what they told Pilate? John 19:7 – “The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die because he has made himself the Son of God.”” Divine. He made himself God. That's what that phrase means. The Jews heard what Jesus was saying as He went around teaching. Notice what the Jews are saying, He's making himself equal to God. He's saying he's God. That's what son of God means.
3. That is why this becomes an amazing statement in this first chapter of John when Nathanael says, you knew my spiritual condition. You know that I was without guile or deceit, and you knew where I was under that fig tree before we even met. You're the son of God. Who else can know that? How else can that be done? Then he adds, you are the King of Israel.

F. Now let’s look at Zephaniah 3:15f – “15 The Lord has taken away the judgments against you; he has cleared away your enemies. The King of Israel, the Lord, is in your midst; you shall never again fear evil. 16 On that day it shall be said to Jerusalem: “Fear not, O Zion; let not your hands grow weak. 17 The Lord your God is in your midst, a mighty one who will save; he will rejoice over you with gladness; he will quiet you by his love;…” That's the equation. You are the king of Israel, you're the Lord. You're the prophesied king. You are the Christ. You are the one that we have been looking forward to. Everything that Jesus does, everything that Jesus teaches and says as we read about His life… continues to press that connection.

1. We cannot say, “Jesus is the Messiah but that doesn't make Him God”. Scripture takes those two concepts and incorporates them together and you can not pull them apart.

a. The Jews understood that. Look again, John 19:12 – “From then on Pilate sought to release him, but the Jews cried out, “If you release this man, you are not Caesar's friend. Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar.”” They understood what Jesus had been saying. They didn't say he's claiming to be a prophet. They said he's claiming to be the king of Israel.
b. Recall the inscription Pilate had put on the cross. “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” Oh that greatly upset the Jewish leaders and they petitioned Pilate to change it. Pilate refused. They were upset because it is the claim of God. It is the claim of Messiah-ship. It is the claim of kingliness.

2. It is the claim of everything that the Old Testament was pressing toward. It is the recognition that Jesus could not be the Savior of the world, the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, and not also be the Creator, God, and Lord.
3. That's what John is doing in this Gospel. That's really important so I'll say it again, it is not possible for Jesus to be the Savior of the world, the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, AND NOT also be the Creator, God, and Lord.
4. Remember how John’s gospel began. In the beginning was the Word, the Word was with God, and the Word was God. Two verses later, all things were made through Him, and there was not anything made that was made apart from Him. He made everything. He is Creator God. John in this Gospel is just linking those two in concrete and trying to drive that home for us to believe in who Jesus is. It demands recognizing He is the Savior, He is the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, but He is also the King of Israel. He is the Messiah. He is the eternal God

II. Son of Man - Let’s look at the third title, a title that Jesus gives to Himself. It is the most common title that Jesus uses for Himself, and it is found in v. 51, “Son of Man.” This title is found 18 times in John’s gospel and is used about 80 times in the four gospel accounts. This is a very serious title that Jesus gives because it also points to a particular Old Testament prophecy found in Daniel 7.

A. Daniel 7:13f Daniel says, “13 “I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before him. 14 And to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed.”[ESV]
B. Here the title of “Son of Man” carries the same two ideas that we have been examining in this study. Jesus is the King and rules over all creation. He comes in the clouds of heaven to the Ancient of Days and is standing before Him. Only God can do that. Only God is going to take His stand before the very throne of God and receive whatever the Lord has to give. In Revelation John has a vision, and what happens to John? He can't bear to stand. Ezekiel has a vision. Can he bear to stand? No, he cannot. Constantly, this imagery is given about how flesh and blood is unable to deal with the full force of the glory of God. It is absolutely impossible. Moses told of the same thing.
C. In Daniel we see kingship and sonship tied together. The kingship is obvious. Verse 14, what was given to Him; glory, a kingdom, an everlasting dominion that's never going to fade away. He's given the eternal rule of God. Notice in v. 13 Daniel says that “… with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days …” This reminds me of Acts 1:9 where the two watched Jesus ascend. Daniel is envisioning Him coming in that ascension to the Father, receiving a kingdom, and beginning His rule.
D. In a previous lesson we learned that John, the witness, sees Jesus walking by and he makes the declaration, “Behold the Lamb of God”. Remember what the two disciples of John did? They start following Jesus. When you understand that Jesus is the Lamb of God, you drop everything and you follow Him.

1. Consider that a bit more now. When we understand that Jesus is the Son of God, the King over heaven and earth, who has an eternal kingdom, an eternal rule, and has all authority, glory, and might, the Son of Man… the only reaction that we can have is to not only drop everything and follow Him, but to drop everything and bow the knee at the feet of Jesus.
2. I want to read again Psalm 2:5f. “Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, “As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.” I will tell of the decree: The Lord said to me, “You are my Son; today I have begotten you.” Here we have the Son. Here is the anointed One and He says here is the decree given to Me.
3. Verse 8. “Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession.” Just say the word and You rule the world, which is exactly what Daniel 7 pictures. He comes to the Ancient of Days and receives the kingdom.
4. Verse 9f. “You shall break them with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.” Now therefore, O kings, be wise; be warned, O rulers of the earth. Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way, for his wrath is quickly kindled. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.”[ESV]

E. Psalm 2 begins with a question. Why do the nations rage? Why do people continue to go up against the will of God? I like verse 3. The Lord sits back and holds them in derision. He laughs. You want to go up against God? It is like the comical picture of a kindergarten-aged child being upset at his parents and running away from home... all the way to his neighbor’s house.

1. There is obviously a serious side to this as well, and although the picture of weak and silly man trying to match wits with an almighty and all-knowing God is comical, God takes no delight in their waywardness and its consequences, but rather desires to see them turn around.
2. God continues. I will establish my anointed. I will install Him as my King even though He would be rejected. Even though the earth would kill Him, even though the kings would reject Him… God appoints Him as ruler over heaven and earth. As Savior of the world, as God Himself.
3. Then He says, and I paraphrase, bow the knee or else. Yield to the King or it will not go well for you. Yield to the King and it will go very well! Blessed are all those who take refuge in Him.

III. Jesus Is The Ladder - Finally, we need to look at what Jesus says about Himself in John 1:51. After Nathanael’s amazement concerning Jesus’ ability to know him spiritually and physically, Jesus tells him that he is going to see even greater things than that. What more could they possibly see? What they have seen so far is quite amazing! But there is more. “And he said to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.””[ESV]  As an aside, that second “you” is a plural pronoun. The King James makes it more obvious. “…I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see…” They will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man. – This is a puzzling statement. What does Jesus mean?

A. You may recognize that this is an allusion to the vision that Jacob had, which is recorded for us in Genesis 28:10-22. Verse 12 contains the direct connection: “And he dreamed, and behold, there was a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven. And behold, the angels of God were ascending and descending on it!”
B. As this is happening in the vision, God is speaking from the top of the ladder, declaring His covenantal promise to Jacob in verses 13-15. This will be your land. You will have many offspring. God will not leave you until he has kept his promise. – Yet there is no explanation given about the vision of the ladder.

1. Listen to what Jacob says and what he does. “16 Then Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “Surely the Lord is in this place, and I did not know it.” 17 And he was afraid and said, “How awesome is this place! This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.””
2. Consider this… Jesus is the link between heaven and earth. Jesus is the house of God. Jesus is the gate of heaven. Jesus is the place to meet God. Jesus is the holy place. Jesus is the gateway to heaven.
3. Jesus does not say that the angels are ascending and descending on the ladder, but they are ascending and descending on Him, the Son of Man. Jesus is the place where all the promises of God are fulfilled. Jesus is where you have a covenant relationship with God.

CONCLUSION: That is what Jesus is saying with this imagery. He is saying you think you have seen great things? You haven't seen anything yet. You are going to begin to see that you come in contact with God through me.
You will see that I am the way to heaven. You will see that I am the holy place. You are going to see that I am that link between heaven and earth.
You are going to see me as the mediator between people and God. You are going to understand that I am that high priest. You are going to see me as that connection between you and God.
That is what we saw back in John 1:14-18. Remember what John said there? The word became flesh and tabernacled with us. We have seen his glory. The glory of the only son from the Father full of grace and truth. The very same picture. John is wrapping up by answering the question of who Jesus is. Jesus is the awesome place where we meet God.

John wraps up his introduction telling his audience, do you understand how great Jesus is? Chapters 2, 3, and 4 are going to amplify those images when we look at the water turned to wine, the temple, the discussion with Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman. These signs John evidently included with regard to the absolute authority by which each was performed. Jesus is the awesome place.

Pull your song books out. We will sing Invitation Song number 592. We are inviting you to see who Jesus truly is. To understand that He is the only way to God, the only way to have a relationship with the Father. Jesus is the only way into heaven. He is the only place where you enter the kingdom of God. He is the only place where you can be reconciled to God.

He is the awesome place where you and I come and meet God. He is the true temple of God. I pray when you see that, when you understand that He is the son of God, the son of man, the king of Israel. That this understanding will cause each of us to bow the knee before Him, praise Him for who He is, how glorious He is, how powerful He is, and how awesome it is to serve the living God. Turn away from your sins and be immersed in water to have your sins washed away to enter that relationship with Him.
Won't you come now while we stand and sing?

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Reference Sermon: Brent Kercherville